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This report presents the economics of the production of a mixture of Benzene, Toluene and Xylenes (BTX) from wood chips. The economic analysis is based on a plant located in the United States. First, the biomass is dried and crushed. Then, the wood sawdust undergoes catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) yielding an effluent syngas composed of aromatics, olefins and volatiles. BTX is finally separated from the other components.
This report analyses the economics of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene and 1-butene in the United States. The process examined in this report uses a gas-phase polymerization in a single reactor similar to LyondellBasell Spherilene S.
In this study, the economics of Hexamethyldisiloxane production is analyzed. The analysis assumes a plant located in the United States receiving trimethylchlorosilane and generating Hexamethyldisiloxane via hydrolysis of the starting material.
This report presents a techno-economic analysis of Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) production from hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) in the United States. The process presented in this report is a non-phosgene process similar to BASF process. Initially, HMDA reacts with urea and butanol generating a carbamate intermediate. Then, the carbamate is thermally cracked producing HDI.
This study provides the economics of a phosgenation process for Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI) production from hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) in the United States. In this process, HMDA reacts with phosgene to produce HDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product.
This report presents the economics of Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) production from acrylonitrile. In the process examined,acrylonitrile is electrodimerized, followed by hydrogenation, yielding adiponitrile intermediate. The adiponitrile is then hydrogenated to HMDA. The economic analysis is based on a plant constructed in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) production from adipic acid. In the process examined, adipic acid is reacted with ammonia, forming ammonium adipate and adipamide, which are then dehydrated to adiponitrile intermediate. The adiponitrile is finally hydrogenated to HMDA. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) production from adiponitrile. In the process examined, adiponitrile is hydrogenated to HMDA. The economic analysis is based on a plant constructed in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) production from butadiene. In the process examined, butadiene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide to generate adiponitrile intermediate, which is then hydrogenated to HMDA. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Hexane production from crude glycerol in the United States. In this process, crude glycerol is reformed in aqueous phase, generating a range of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, including Hexane. Part of these compounds undergoes aldol condensation and hydrodeoxygenation, raising Hexane yield.
This study presents the economics of High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS) production from styrene in the United States, via a typical continuous bulk polymerization process, which occurs in the presence of polybutadiene. The process is split into a pre-polymerization and a polymerization step. The first step is conducted in CSTRs and the second in plug-flow reactors.
This report presents the economics of high solids content SBR Latex production starting from butadiene and styrene. The analysis, based on a plant located in the United States, approaches a typical cold emulsion process. For generating a high solids latex with high butadiene content, the obtained low solids latex is further concentrated after polymerization.
This report presents the economics of High Temperature Resistant Polystyrene (HTPS) production from styrene in the United States, via a typical continuous bulk polymerization process.
This report presents the economics of High Viscosity Silicone Fluid production in the United States. The assessment concerns a plant producing Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by ring-opening polymerization starting from cyclic siloxanes (octamethylcyclotetrasiloxanes), using hexamethyldisiloxane for molecular weight control.
This report examines the costs related to High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this report uses a solution process similar to NOVA Chemicals Advanced SCLAIRTECH. The polymerization is carried out in two continuous-stirred-tank reactors (CSTR)
This report presents the economics of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States, using a slurry loop process similar to Chevron Phillips MarTECH and INEOS INNOVENE S. In this process, the monomers are polymerized in a single loop reactor.
It presents the economics of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this report uses a gas phase process similar to LyondellBasell Spherilene. The polymerization is conducted in a single fluidized-bed reactor.
This report analyses the economics of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) production from polymer grade (PG) ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to Univation UNIPOL and INEOS INNOVENE G. In this process, ethylene is polymerized in the gas-phase in a reaction loop consisting of a fluidized-bed reactor, a compressor and a heat exchanger.
This report presents the economics of Hydrochloric Acid production via an integrated plant comprising: 1) a typical chlor-alkali electrolysis process using membrane cells; and 2) the production of Hydrochloric Acid from hydrogen and chlorine. A 35 wt% Hydrochloric Acid solution is obtained as the final product and 50 wt% caustic soda is obtained as co-product in this process. The analysis is based on plant located in the United States.
This report presents the economics of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) production from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in the United States . In this process, sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride in a fluidized bed reactor, forming hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate, a by-product. Subsequently, the gas is absorbed in water and Hydrochloric Acid is obtained as the final product.
This report presents the economics of Hydrochloric Acid production from sodium chloride and sulfuric acid in the USA through a typical Mannheim process in which the reaction occurs in a reactor furnace. Initially, sulfuric acid reacts with sodium chloride producing hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate, a by-product. Subsequently, the gas is absorbed in water and Hydrochloric Acid is obtained as the final product.
This study analysis the economics of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) production from hydrogen and chlorine in the United States. The process examined is a typical synthesis of Hydrogen Chloride via the direct reaction of the elements. In this process, hydrogen and chlorine, undergo a direct reaction forming hydrogen chloride, which is subsequently passed through an absorber to produce a 35 wt% hydrochloric acid as final product.
Feasibility analysis of a typical Hargreaves process for Hydrochloric Acid production from sodium chloride and sulfur in the USA. In this process, first sulfur is subjected to an oxidation reaction producing sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide and sodium chloride are then heated up to the point in which they start a spontaneous and exothermic reaction that produces hydrogen chloride, which is subsequently absorbed in water to produce Hydrochloric Acid as the final product. Sodium sulfate is generated as a by-product.
This study analysis the economics of Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) production from hydrogen and chlorine in the United States. The process examined is a typical synthesis of Hydrogen Chloride via the direct reaction of the elements.
This study approaches the economics of gaseous Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) production from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste in the United States. The process under analysis is a pyrolysis conducted in two continuous reactors. Initially, HCl and chlorinated hydrocarbons (Cl-HCs) are removed from the plastic in the first reactor and HCl is purified. The plastic is then sent to a second reactor to finish pyrolysis and, finally, the pyrolysis gases are directed to distillation to produce benzene and fuel oil as by-products
This study provides the economics of Hydrogen Cyanide production in the United States using a direct synthesis method similar to Andrussow process, which involves the reaction of ammonia, methane (natural gas), and air to produce HCN.
This report provides the economics of Hydrogen Cyanide production in the United States using a direct synthesis method similar to BMA (Blausäure-Methan-Ammoniak) process, which involves the reaction of ammonia and methane (natural gas) without air.
This report presents the economics of Hydrogen Peroxide production from hydrogen in the United States using an anthraquinone auto-oxidation process. In this process, 2-ethyl anthraquinone is sequentially hydrogenated and oxidized, generating Hydrogen Peroxide.
This report presents the economics of Hydrogen production from coal gasification in the United States. In this process, coal undergoes partial oxidation, yielding syngas. Then, Hydrogen from syngas is enriched and purified.
This study provides a techno-economic study of Hydrogen production from naphtha in the United States. In this analysis, Hydrogen is produced via a thermal partial oxidation process.
This study provides a techno-economic study of Hydrogen production from natural gas in the United States. In this analysis, natural gas is submitted to a thermal partial oxidation process, producing syngas, which is passed through a shift converter to enrich the Hydrogen output.
This report provides an economic analysis of Hydrogen production from natural gas in the United States using a steam reforming process. Initially, methane present in natural gas is cracked with steam generating syngas. Then, the carbon monoxide from syngas is reacted with steam, producing carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen.
This report provides a feasibility study of Hydrogen production from vacuum residue in the United States using a non-catalytic partial oxidation process. In this process, vacuum residue is converted to syngas, which is submitted to shift conversion for hydrogen enrichment.
This study approaches the economics of Hydrogen production using a water electrolysis process in the United States. In this process, electricity is used to split water into Hydrogen and oxygen. An alkali solution is used as electrolyte.
This report presents the economics of Hydrogen production from wood chips gasification in the United States. In this process, wood chips feedstock undergoes partial oxidation, yielding syngas. Then, Hydrogen from syngas is enriched and purified.
This report presents the economics of Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from glucose syrup. In the process examined, glucose is enzymatically isomerized into fructose. It is then dehydrated in the presence of n-butanol, yielding HMF. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents a feasibility analysis of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC) production starting from cellulose, methyl chloride and propylene oxide. In this process, cellulose is alkalized with caustic soda and etherified first with propylene oxide and then with methyl chloride (dissolved in dimethyl ether), before passing through an etherification reaction. The plant is assumed to be located in the United States.
This study presents the economics of Polypropylene (PP) Impact Copolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene and ethylene in the United States, using a slurry/gas phase polymerization process similar to Borealis BORSTAR process. This process is divided in two modules. The first is applied for homopolymer and the second is added to produce the copolymer.
This study presents the economics of Polypropylene (PP) Impact Copolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene and ethylene in the United States. This process is similar to INEOS INNOVENE and JPP HORIZONE processes. The reaction occurs in horizontal agitated reactors connected in series.
This report examines the costs related to Polypropylene (PP) Impact Copolymer production from polymer grade (PG) propylene and ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to Lummus Technology's Novolen process. This process occurs in vertical fluidized-bed reactors connected in series.