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This study presents an economic analysis of Ethylene production from methane in the United States using an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. Carbon monoxide is also produced in the process and undergoes methanation, recovering methane.
This report analyses the economics of Ethylene production from methanol in the United States. The process examined in this report is similar to UOP/Norsk Hydro (now Ineos) MTO (Methanol-to-Olefins) process. Initially, methanol is converted into dimethyl ether, which is further dehydrated to olefins. Ethylene and propylene are generated as co-products.
This study presents an economic analysis of n-butane steam cracking for Polymer Grade Ethylene production in the United States. In this process, n-butane is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam to obtain ethylene and other hydrocarbons. Polymer grade propylene, butadiene. Raffinate-1 and pygas are also generated as by-products.
This report provides the economics of Polymer Grade (PG) Ethylene production from light naphtha feedstock in Germany using a steam cracking process. In this process, naphtha is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces at high severity conditions to maximize Ethylene yield. Polymer grade propylene, pygas and a mixed C4s stream are also generated as by-products.
This report presents the economics of a naphtha-based steam cracker, equipped with an electricity cogeneration unit. In this process, naphtha is thermally cracked at low severity conditions, maximizing propylene to Ethylene ratio. The analysis is based on a plant located in Germany.
This report presents the economics of Polymer Grade (PG) Ethlyene production from propane in the United States. In the study under analysis, propane is submitted through a steam cracking process, producing PG Ethylene. Pygas, a crude C4s stream, and PG propylene are generated as by-products.
This report provides a feasibility study of Ethylene production from vacuum gas oil (VGO) using a steam cracking process in China. In this process, VGO is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam, generating ethylene and other by-products.
This report analyses the economics of Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM rubber) production from ethylene and propylene in the United States, via a suspension polymerization process using Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Ethylidene norbornene is also used as termonomer to allow vulcanization of the polymer.
This report provides the economics of a typical Ethylene Vinyl Acetate production process from ethylene and vinyl acetate (VAM) in the United States. The process examined in this report employs a high-pressure autoclave polymerization.
This study presents a techno-economic analysis of a typical Ethylene Vinyl Acetate production process from ethylene and vinyl acetate (VAM) using a high-pressure tubular polymerization process. The plant is assumed to be located in the United States.
This report presents the economics of 5-Ethylidene-2-Norbornene (ENB) production from dicyclopentadiene and butadiene based on an industrial plant located in the United States.. Initially, dicyclopentadiene is cracked into cyclopentadiene. The cyclopentadiene obtained is subjected to Diels-Alder reaction with butadiene to produce 5-vinyl-2-nor bornene (VNB); which in then isomerized to 5-Ethylidene-2-Norbornene.
This study presents the economics of Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) production from styrene in the United States, via a typical batch suspension polymerization process. The tiny spheres of EPS are impregnated with a physical blowing agent.
This report presents the economics of 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid (FDCA) production from glucose syrup via a furan process similar to Avantium YXY technology. Initially, glucose is enzymatically isomerized into fructose, which is dehydrated in the presence of methanol, yielding methoxymethylfurfural (MMF). Finally, MMF is oxidized to FDCA. The economic analysis assumes a plant constructed in the United States.
This report presents the costs associated with the construction of a plant producing FDCA from raw sugar (sucrose) in Germany. Initially, sucrose is hydrolyzed into glucose and fructose and the glucose obtained is enzymatically isomerized into fructose. It is then dehydrated in ionic liquid medium, yielding hydroxymethylfurfural, which is finally oxidized to FDCA. The process examined is based in a non-commercial route.
This report presents the economics of feed-grade Riboflavin production via a typical direct fermentation process using glucose as carbon source in the United States. In the process examined, Riboflavin is produced by fermentation of a glucose syrup. After fermentation, the broth is pasteurized for the inactivation of the microorganisms, Riboflavin is recovered by centrifugation, subjected to a mineral acid treatment, dried and packed. The final product obtained is 96 wt% Riboflavin (feed-grade).
This report presents the economics of high-purity Adipic Acid production starting from a crude adipic acid stream from a conventional two-stage oxidation process (similar to Invista technology). The crude stream passes through a series of purification steps that include centrifugation, crystallization and drying. The process under analysis assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents a cost analysis of food-grade Riboflavin production via a typical direct fermentation process using glucose as carbon source in the USA. In the process examined, Riboflavin is produced by fermentation of a glucose syrup. After fermentation, the broth is pasteurized for the inactivation of the microorganisms, Riboflavin is recovered by centrifugation, subjected to a mineral acid treatment, re-crystallized for further purification, dried and packed. The final product obtained is 99 wt% Riboflavin (food-grade).
This study presents the economic analysis of Formaldehyde production from methanol in the United States. In the process analyzed in this report, methanol is directly oxidized to formaldehyde in vapor phase over a metal oxide catalyst.
This report presents a techno-economic study of Formalin (37wt% aqueous solution of Formaldehyde) production from methanol in the United States. The oxidation-dehydrogenation uses a silver-catalyzed reaction at conditions that prioritize full methanol conversion. In this case, methanol recovery is unnecessary.
This report presents a techno-economic study of Formalin (37wt% aqueous solution of Formaldehyde) production from methanol in the United States by oxidation-dehydrogenation using a silver-catalyzed reaction at conditions that prioritize selectivity over conversion. In this case, unconverted methanol is recycled.
This study provides the economics of Formaldehyde production from natural gas in the United States. In this report, Formaldehyde is obtained via catalytic partial oxidation of methane using a still non-commercial process based on patents issued to Snamprogetti.
This report presents an economic analysis of Dibutyl Ketone (DBK) production from levulinic acid in the United States. In this process, levulinic acid is hydrogenated over two catalytic bed, generating Fuel Grade DBK (90 wt% purity).
This report presents the economics of Furfuryl Alcohol (FFA) from furfural via a hydrogenation process. In this process, furfural is hydrogenated in the liquid phase, producing FFA. The economic analysis presented assumes a plant constructed in the United States.
This report examines the economics of a typical cryogenic distillation process for Oxygen production in a plant located in the United States, using atmospheric air as the starting material. The process presented in this report also produces argon as by-product. Nitrogen and the majority of the Oxygen produced are supplied in gaseous phase. Oxygen is also supplied in liquid phase, as well as all argon produced.
This study provides a techno-economic analysis of a typical cryogenic distillation process for Oxygen production using atmospheric air as the starting material. Oxygen main product and nitrogen co-product are produced as high pressurized gases. The economic analysis presented assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents a feasibility analysis of Oxygen production in the United States, using atmospheric air as the starting material. In this case, a typical vacuum swing adsorption process is applied for the production of low purity Oxygen. In this process, switching beds, each containing two strata, absorb water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen from the air, yielding low purity oxygen.
This study presents an economic analysis of Gasoline production from mixed plastic waste (MPW) in the United States. In this process, MPW is initially pretreated and then undergoes catalytic cracking over silica alumina in a fluidized bed reactor. The oil product is finally separated into gasoline and diesel.
This report provides a techno-economic analysis of Gasoline production from wood chips in the United States using a fast pyrolysis process followed by a hydroprocessing step.
This report provides a techno-economic analysis of Gasoline production from wood chips in the United States. In this process, biomass is gasified to syngas, which is converted to methanol. Methanol is finally converted to Gasoline.
This report presents the economics of General Purpose Polystyrene (GPPS) production from styrene in the United States, via a typical continuous bulk polymerization process, split into a pre-polymerization and a polymerization step. Both steps are conducted in continuous stirred-tank reactors.
This report presents the costs associated with the construction of an industrial plant, in the United States, for crude acrylic acid purification to produce Glacial Acrylic Acid. The purification process examined is based on crude acrylic acid crystallization.
This analysis presents the costs associated with the construction of an industrial plant in the United States, for crude acrylic acid purification via distillation to produce Glacial Acrylic Acid.
This report presents the economics of Glucose Syrup production from shelled corn. In this process, shelled corn is passed through a wet milling process to recover the corn starch, which, in turn, passes through two subsequent hydrolysis steps for the generation of glucose. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report presents a techno-economic study of a process for Glycerol-Propoxylated Polyether production from propylene oxide and glycerol starter. In this process, Polyether is produced from propylene oxide using glycerol as starter in the base-catalyzed alkoxylation reaction. Ethylene oxide (EO) is not used in this process. The analysis considers a plant erected in the United States.
This report provides a feasibility analysis of a process for Glycerol-Propoxylated Polyether production from propylene oxide, ethylene oxide (EO) and glycerol starter via a base-catalyzed alkoxylation. The analysis considers a plant constructed in the United States and a final polyether product containing 20 wt% of ethylene oxide in its structure.
This report presents the economics for the production of Glycerol-Propoxylated Polyether in the United States from propylene oxide. Glycerol is used a starter for the polymerization, and ethylene oxide (EO) is used in the end of the reaction to form an end-cap in the Polyether structure (5 wt% of ethylene oxide content).
This report presents the economics of a plant producing granulated Ammonium Nitrate in the United States. The starting materials used in the plant are ammonia and nitric acid, which undergo vacuum neutralization to produce ammonium nitrate. It is then evaporated and granulated. The granulated Ammonium Nitrate generated is also known as emulsion grade Ammonium Nitrate.
This report provides a techno-economic analysis of Granulated Urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide in the United States through Stamicarbon’s carbon dioxide stripping technology. In this process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are converted to Urea via ammonium carbamate intermediate. The non-converted carbamate is stripped from the Urea solution by carbon dioxide and decomposed back to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are recycled to the Urea synthesis.
This study approaches the economics of Granulated Urea production from ammonia and carbon dioxide in the United States through Saipem's (formerly Snamprogetti) ammonia stripping technology. In this process, ammonia and carbon dioxide are converted to Urea via ammonium carbamate intermediate. The non-converted carbamate is stripped from the Urea solution by excess ammonia and decomposed back to ammonia and carbon dioxide, which are recycled to the Urea synthesis.
This study approaches the economics of Granulated Urea manufacturing from natural gas in an industrial complex with a novel plant configuration, where a unit that produces ammonia from natural gas using chemical looping reactors is integrated to a Urea production unit. The economic analysis provided assumes a complex located in the USA.