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This study provides the economics of cellulosic Ethanol production from wood chips in the United States. In this case, wood chips are gasified to syngas. Syngas is converted to methanol, which is then converted to dimethyl ether (DME) intermediate and finally converted to Ethanol via hydrocarbonylation.
This report presents the economics of Anhydrous Ethanol production from wood chips in the United States. In the process examined, wood feedstock is submitted to direct gasification, producing synthesis gas. Next, the syngas is converted to mixed alcohols. The alcohol mixture is then distilled, yielding ethanol and a mixture of higher molecular weight alcohols.
This feasibility study provides the economic analysis of second generation Ethanol production from wood chips in the United States. The process examined is similar to GreenPower, also developed by American Process. In this process, only hemicelluloses are extracted from biomass and are used to produce hydrous Ethanol.
This study presents the economics of hydrous Ethanol production from corn in the United States using a typical dry milling process. Initially, corn is ground, slurried with water and then submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis, which convert starch to glucose. Next, the glucose is fermented to Ethanol by yeasts, yielding Hydrous Ethanol.
This report presents the economics of hydrous Ethanol production from ethylene in the United States using a typical direct hydration process. In this process a catalytic addition of water to ethylene occurs via a phosphoric acid catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor.
This study provides an economic analysis of Ethanol production from municipal solid waste (MSW) using an integrated process in the United States. After pretreatment, MSW is gasified to syngas. The synthesis gas is then sent to a tar reforming and a steam reforming to convert methane and residual light hydrocarbons into more syngas and also adjust its H2/CO ratio. Finally, the syngas is transformed into ethanol and higher alcohols using Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.
This report presents an economic analysis of hydrous Ethanol production in the United States using a typical process based on sorghum feedstock. In this process, free sugars are extracted from the sorghum, while cellulose is hydrolyzed. The mixture is then fermented to produce hydrated ethanol.
This study provides an economic analysis of hydrous Ethanol production in Brazil using a typical process based on sugarcane feedstock. In this process, sucrose is extracted from sugarcane and it is fermented to produce hydrated Ethanol. The sugarcane bagasse is burned for electricity generation.
This report approaches the Ethanolamines production from ethylene oxide and ammonia. The process examined is a alkoxylation of ammonia with ethylene oxide similar to the one owned by Johnson Matthey Davy Technologies. In this process, Monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA) are co-produced. The economic analysis performed assumes a plant located in the United States.
This report examines the economics of Ethyl Acetate production from acetaldehyde in the United States via Tishchenko reaction, which refers to the dimerization of acetaldehyde in the presence of an alkoxide catalyst to form the ester.
This report presents a techno-economic analysis of Ethyl Acetate production from ethanol via a process similar to the Johnson Matthey's Davy’s Ethyl Acetate technology. In this process, ethanol is dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde, which further reacts with ethanol to form Ethyl Acetate. The economic analysis provided assumes a plant located in the United States.
This study approaches the economics of Ethyl Acetate production from ethanol and acetic acid in the United States. In this process, Ethyl Acetate is produced by continuous esterification of acetic acid and ethanol.
This report examines the economics of Ethyl Acetate production from ethylene and acetic acid in the United States. The process examined is similar to the BP’s AVADA (AdVanced Acetates by Direct Addition of acetic acid to ethylene) technology.
This report presents the economics of Ethyl Acrylate production from acrylic acid and ethanol in the United States, via a direct esterification process similar to the Synthomer process. The esterification is conducted in a fixed bed reactor, packed with an ion-exchange resin that is used as strong acid catalyst.
This study also approaches the economics of Ethylbenzene production from benzene and polymer grade ethylene in the United States. The process examined in this study is a conventional liquid-phase alkylation process using a aluminum chloride catalyst.
This study provides a techno-economic analysis of a catalytic distillation (CD) process similar to CDTECH for Ethylbenzene production from benzene and dilute ethylene in the United States. This process combines the catalytic alkylation and distillation in a single operation.
This report presents the economics of a liquid-phase alkylation process similar to Polimeri Europa using zeolite catalyst for Ethylbenzene production from benzene and polymer grade ethylene in the United States.
This report presents a techno-economic analysis of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) production from ethylene and chlorine in the United States using a direct chlorination process consisting in a liquid-phase high temperature chlorination (HTC). In this process, ethylene is chlorinated to EDC in liquid phase, using EDC itself as the solvent.
This report presents the economics of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) production from ethylene and chlorine by direct chlorination in the United States. The process examined in this report is based on a liquid-phase high temperature chlorination (HTC) process, similar to the one developed by Vinnolit.
This report presents a techno-economic analysis of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) production from ethylene and chlorine in the United States using a direct chlorination process consisting in a liquid-phase low temperature chlorination (LTC). In this process, ethylene is chlorinated to EDC in liquid phase, using EDC itself as the solvent.
This feasibility study approaches the economics of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) production from ethylene and hydrogen chloride in the United States using an oxychlorination process carried out in fluidized-bed reactors. In the oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is reacted with ethylene and oxygen, yielding EDC and water.
This report provides the economics of Green Ethylene production from hydrous ethanol in the United States using a dehydration process similar to the Atol process (developed by Axens). In this process, the reaction is carried out in two adiabatic rectors in series.
This report provides the economics of Green Polymer Grade (PG) Ethylene production from hydrous ethanol in the United States using a dehydration process examined in this report is similar to the processes developed by Chematur and Petron. In this process, the reaction is carried out multiple reactors in series and a single furnace.
This study presents a techno-economic analysis of Green PG Ethylene production from hydrous ethanol in the United States using a dehydration process similar to the TechnipFMC’s Hummingbird process (former BP Chemicals). The reaction is carried out in multiple stage reactors with inter stage heaters in vapor phase.
This report presents an economic analysis of polymer grade (PG) Ethylene production from mixed plastic waste poor in PVC using a pyrolysis process in United States. In this process, the plastic mixture is initially submitted to pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor. Then, the pyrolysis product is fractionated, yielding pyrolysis fuel oil and pyrolysis gasoline. The light stream is sent to a cryogenic separation, in which ethylene and PG propylene are obtained.
This report provides an economic analysis of Ethylene production via pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste rich in PVC in the United States. Initially, the chlorine content in the main stream is removed by reacting it with calcium carbonate. Then, the chlorine-depleted plastic stream is submitted to pyrolysis. The resulting pyrolysis gases are first sent to primary separation and finally distilled, yielding ethylene and other by-products.
This study evaluates the production of Monoethylene Glycol from ethylene in the United States. The process analyzed is similar to Shell OMEGA. In this process, ethylene is first oxidized to ethylene oxide (EO). Part of the ethylene oxide generated is sold as a by-product and the remaining part is carbonated to form ethylene carbonate, which is finally hydrolyzed to MEG.
This study presents the economics of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene in the United States. The process described is similar to Shell OMEGA. First, ethylene is oxidized with pure oxygen to produce ethylene oxide (EO). The EO is then carbonated to generate ethylene carbonate, which is finally hydrolyzed to MEG.
This study presents the economics of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from ethylene. The process described is similar to Shell MASTER. First, ethylene is oxidized with oxygen to produce ethylene oxide (EO), which is further hydrolyzed to MEG. The economic analysis provided assumes a plant located in the United States. Diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) are also generated as by-products.
This study presents the economics of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from carbon dioxide (CO2) in the United States using an electrochemical process similar to Liquid Light process. Initially, CO2 is electrochemically reduced and acidified into oxalic acid. Then, oxalic acid is esterified with methanol producing dimethyl oxalate, which is hydrogenated forming MEG.
This report presents a detailed cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol production from ethylene oxide. The process examined is similar to Shell OMEGA, in which ethylene oxide is hydrolyzed to MEG via ethylene carbonate, generating no by-products. The economic analysis assumes a plant located in the United States.
This assessment approaches the production of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) from ethylene oxide in the United States. In the process under analysis, ethylene oxide is directly hydrolyzed to MEG. Diethylene glycol (DEG) and triethylene glycol (TEG) are also generated as by-products.
This report presents the economics of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from synthesis gas via dimethyl oxalate intermediate in the United States. In this process, methyl nitrite reacts with carbon monoxide forming dimethyl oxalate. The dimethyl oxalate is then hydrogenated to MEG.
This study examines Ethylene Oxide production in the United States. The process reviewed in this study is a direct oxidation technology using air instead of pure oxygen as the oxidizing agent.
This report approaches the economics of Ethylene Oxide production from ethylene in the United States using a typical direct oxidation process. In the process examined, pure oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent. The reaction is carried out in the gaseous phase.
This feasibility study presents an economic analysis of a steam cracking process for Polymer Grade Ethylene production from atmospheric gas oil (AGO) feedstock in China. In this process, AGO is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam to obtain ethylene and other hydrocarbons. Polymer grade propylene, pygas and fuel oil are also generated as by-products.
This report presents the economics of Polymer Grade (PG) Ethylene production from ethane in the United States. In the process under analysis, ethane is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam, yielding Ethylene. A hydrogen-rich gas is generated as by-product.
This report presents the economics of Polymer Grade (PG) Ethylene production from ethane and propane in the United States. In the process under analysis, the mixture is submitted to a steam cracking process, yielding PG Ethylene. A hydrogen-rich gas and polymer grade propylene are generated as by-products,
This report approches the economics of Ethylene production via pyrolysis of HDPE waste. In this process, waste HDPE is submitted to pyrolysis, in which it is cracked to smaller hydrocarbons. The main products are ethylene and propylene. The economic analysis performed is based on a plant constructed in the United States.
This study presents an economic analysis of isobutane steam cracking for Polymer Grade Ethylene production in the United States. In this process, n-butane is thermally cracked in pyrolysis furnaces through the use of steam to obtain ethylene and other hydrocarbons. Polymer grade propylene, butadiene. Raffinate-1 and pygas are also generated as by-products.